An Analysis Of Mill s Utilitarianism And The...

Question 1: An Analysis of Mill’s Utilitarianism and the Impossibility of the Purely Selfless† Act in Kant’s Categorical Imperative John Stuart Mill’s utilitarian philosophy defines the importance of maintaining the greater good of society through collective and individual actions. This type of consensus defines the social contract between the larger social order and the flexibility of these institutions to allow individual actors to amalgamate their opinions and viewpoints as part of healthy interaction in society. Mill defines the greater good of society as the primary goal of the happiness principle for all citizens: â€Å"The multiplication of happiness is, according to the utilitarian ethics, the object of virtue: the occasions on which any person has it in his power to do this on an extended scale† (Mill 23). This approach defines the importance of individuality in society, but this collaboration must provide positive reinforcement of the greater happiness of the people in preserving the unity and lawfulness of society. Bentham (2010) also defines the importance of individuals that â€Å"have been productive of such a greater degree of good† within a utilitarian society (176). These utilitarian philosophies define the importance of the greater good of societal actions, which illustrate the collective will of society. Kant’s deontology in the Categorical Imperative defines the role of â€Å"duty† as being the highest form of service an individual can provide for the community.

New Coke Failed Project Or Marketing Ploy - 2243 Words

New Coke: Failed Project or Marketing Ploy? In April 1985, Coca-Cola announced that it would be completely replacing its old recipe of Coke with â€Å"New† Coke. After several weeks customers started to protect this decision demanding that they go back to the original recipe. After three months, the Coca-Cola Company decided to reverse its original decision and kept the old Coke in production along with New Coke. Despite being reintroduced as Coke II, the new soda never caught on and was eventually discontinued entirely in 2002. Being called the most epic new product fail in marketing, the question remains: how could Coca-Cola Company make such a bad decision? Discussion for replacing the recipe started back in the mid-1970s. At that time, researchers were discovering that a majority of consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi versus Coke in blind taste tests. This was communicated through different advertisements which resulted in Pepsi taking some of Coca-Cola s market share. By 1977, Pepsi had obtained a leading market share in grocery sales. Concerned by the loss in market share, the management of Coca-Cola started looking into the possibility of reformulating Coca-Cola. In 1984, researchers had developed a new formula for Coke. Using blind taste test, it was shown that customers preferred the new formula not only beat the old Coke formula by 10 percentage points, but was preferred over Pepsi by 6-8 percentage points. The new formula was aimed at largest market ofShow MoreRelatedNew Coke Failure3901 Words   |  16 PagesFailure of New Coke Wright State University MKT 3500 - 01 Marketing Research By Nicole Fore Taylor Gilliam Ashley Hatton John Petry Abstract During the 1980’s Coca-Cola was faced with a potentially company killing problem. They were losing market share quickly to their competitors. Pepsi was stealing a portion of the younger generation with their advertising campaign, and they proved that consumers liked Pepsi better with the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge.† To combat their falling market share Coke decidedRead MoreCase Study Pepsi9679 Words   |  39 Pagesconsists of: Frito-Lay Company, the largest manufacturer and distributor of snack chips; Pepsi-Cola Company, the second largest soft drink business and Tropicana Products. In order to promote their pepsi brand, the marketing division of the company has been able to utilize different marketing strategy in order to competitive in the market place. PepsiCo, Inc. is one of the most successful consumer products companies in the world, with 2000 revenues ofRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesELEVENTH EDITION MARKETING MISTAKES AND SUCCESSES 30TH ANNIVERSARY Robert F. Hartley Cleveland State University JOHN WILEY SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Read MoreMarketing Principle Quiz20161 Words   |  81 Pagesleast two parties involved. | | | | |   Ã‚  Question 4 | 1 out of 1 points    | | Jacques Torres Chocolate is a factory and retail store. Its owner is willing to try to produce new products when his customers suggest them—such as chili-pepper-laced chocolate candy. His only condition is that when he adds new products, his customers have the final say on whether the product is of any value. According to Torres, â€Å"If something doesn’t move, that’s the last time you see it.† Apparently JacquesRead MoreBlackmores Five Forece Analys6352 Words   |  26 Pagesfull text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1356-3289.htm CCIJ 13,4 When an icon stumbles: the Ribena issue mismanaged Tony Jaques RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia Abstract Purpose – When two 14-year-old New Zealand schoolgirls challenged the advertising claims of Ribena blackcurrant drink – owned by global giant GlaxoSmithKline – they triggered a sequence of events which led to prosecution, public opprobrium and international damage to an iconic brandRead MoreCompetitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance65536 Words   |  263 Pagesmix of value to a chosen array of customers. There are two types of competencies: 1. Support activities such as training and IT can be a source of competitive vantage in their own right; and 2. producing activities such as delivering, marketing, or servicing a firm’s product. Activities also provide a framework for drawing appropriate organizational boundaries. Activities make strategy operational. Seeing the firm as a collection of activities makes it clear that everyone in a firmRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagespublication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. 111 MANGGEN ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Management Contents Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum †¢ The Power of Management Capital 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy 1 1 Text Jones−George †¢ Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. LeadershipRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesSTRATEGY SAFARI A GUIDED TOURTHROUGH THE WILDS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT HENRY MINTZBERG BRUCE AHLSTRAND JOSEPH LAMPEL T H E FREE PRESS NEW YORK aJaiz. u.frmiu/i  «...* „.;i†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢/ . †¢ . . †¢. »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.. . .. †¢..†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.-.†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a/itiktSii^i THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Copyright  © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THERead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesand the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I V E Nucor in 2005 C A S E S I X News Corp in 2005: Consolidating the DirecTV acquisition C A S E S E V E N Shanghai Volkswagen: Implementing project management in the electrical engineering division C A S E E I G H T Television New Zealand: Balancing between commercial and social objectives C A S E N I N E From greenï ¬ eld to graduates: University of the Sunshine Coast C A S E T E NRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval

Chance Meeting By Martin Lewis Essay Example For Students

Chance Meeting By Martin Lewis Essay Meeting is a dry point etching print by Martin Lewis and was created in the early 1930s. The subjects are two figures, male and female, who have happened upon each other in the setting of a public sidewalk at the entrance of a storefront. It may be a dichotomy in terms to call the piece, Idealized Urban Realism, though Lewis work does harmonize well with the Urban Realist movement surfacing in this period with artists such as Edward Hopper. It also has a very idealized and stylistic quality not unlike the work of artists like Roy Liechtenstein in a much later time period. At a glance, Chance Meeting is a simple work intended to tell a story with minimal detail and it is difficult to distinguish any definite pattern in the composition. With careful inspection however, the viewer can discover an order in the placement of objects, the existence of symmetry, and perhaps a much deeper meaning to the piece through the interpretation of symbolism. The palate used in the piece is simply black and white, with the exception of the illusion of shades of gray created with the shading technique, cross-hatching. This intensifies the use of light and shadow in what definitely could be called chiaroscuro. The presence of a single, intensely bright directional light creates areas of extreme contrast that could be called tenebrism. An extreme variety of lighting techniques can be found, as some objects are lit from the side, and others are almost completely backlit, creating more of a silhouette than a distinguishable three-dimensional shape. Shadows in the recesses of the male figures face starkly oppose highlights upon his brow and jaw line. Lewis seems to be experimenting with what might be realistic lighting conditions at night on a typical city street, and exaggerating the results in the interest of style. An area of focus is created in the foreground by the intensity of light falling off abruptly as distance increases. Balance in lighting is achieved with the occasional splash of light in a reflective surface, and the existence of smaller, less accentuated lights in the background of the print. The piece derives a lot of its realism from the textures on the surfaces of objects. The pavement has a pattern in it that it possibly the result of its cement tiles being cast in wooden molds, leaving behind the impression of the grain. Some of the tiles are cracked and stained, giving the effect of a partially worn and aged public sidewalk. The glass in one of the structures is evidently glossy as the reflections of street lamps and automobile headlights can be seen in its surface. Cloth in the canopies on the buildings and the clothing of the subjects is very naturally wrinkled in relaxed areas and creased where it is pulled taught. These more organic shapes and textures help to balance the strict geometry and texture of the almost completely architectural background. A variety of very accurately portrayed objects fill the space with interesting, yet not distracting detail. The signage in and around the shops is not only visible, but also legible. It is actually possible to read some of the signs. The book cart in front of the shop bears a hand drawn sign that appears to be a square of cardboard torn out of a box and is precariously seated at an off angle to its makeshift base. All of this meticulous attention to detail aids in creating a sense of realism in the print. In the prints era, these objects also probably served to create a sense of familiarity for the viewer, who was probably used to seeing similar signage and objects in the physical world. .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b , .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .postImageUrl , .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b , .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b:hover , .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b:visited , .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b:active { border:0!important; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b:active , .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8406343bef7926ef50c28325a61db7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henri Matisse - La joie de vivre EssayIn retrospect, the antiquity of these artifacts adds a degree of interest to the scene and perhaps a bit of nostalgia for some. A sense of depth and space is created by the use of one point linear perspective. The orthogonals lead off of the picture plane to the left with the vanishing point out of sight by a considerable distance. Multiple lines that define the architecture widen to the right creating a fanlike pattern that draws the viewers attention to the subjects and the detail in the foreground of the print. A definition of order and balance surfaces when we begin to examine the shapes created by the long shadows cast by the light radiating from the window of the storefront. These shadows find their angles in their own sort of vanishing point located at the light source somewhere to the inside the building and out of sight. The placement of this light source almost mirrors the vanishing point on the opposing side. The overlapping of lines stemming from these two points creates a sort of diamond shape typically associated with two-point perspective. At this point we can see that several other objects in the scene also conform to this diamond shape. Draped lengths of cloth suspended from the canopies of the shops seem to lean into the upper inward sloping angle, While the subjects themselves fit into the geometry of the lower angles. The symmetry of these angles almost frames a point between the two main subjects, where in addition to a sign advertising newspapers, perhaps a sort of understood emotional magnetism is rooted. The subjects almost seem to be physically affected by the magnetism between them, and their bodies appear to be drawn toward each other. Lewis accomplishes this in a subtle way, and neither of the subjects appears to be unnaturally contorted. The male subject looks somewhat relaxed and is shifting his weight a bit into a stylized variation on the classical contrapposto pose. The female subject forces her hip out to one side and tilts her head a bit, posing in a way that might have been considered attractive for a young woman in the early 1930s in America. Their clothing is of some interest because in the absence of adequate lighting, we might not have a more reliable indication of age. Both figures are clothed in what was probably considered very casual clothing for the era. The female figures dress is somewhat shorter and more fitted than it would be if she were older and more conservative. The Male figures collar is unbuttoned and his sleeves and pant legs are rolled up. His hair appears to be somewhat disheveled. From these details we can assume that they were probably in their late teens or early 20s, as it would be frowned upon for people of older age to dress this way in this somewhat socially conservative era. In the background of the print, we see two additional figures, also a man and a woman. The two are standing very close to one and other, and appear to be engaged in an intimate conversation. From a literal perspective, one might draw the conclusion that this second couple represents the popularity of the concept of meeting ones mate and, falling in love. It might have been a musing of many Americans in this era that the streets of urban America were filled with young attractive teenagers, courting, dating, and preparing for marriage. From a more symbolic perspective, it is feasible that this second pair of figures actually represents the same couple we see in the foreground, now further down the road, or further along in time. The two are now engaged in the rituals of becoming more intimate. The road itself can be seen as a symbol of the path of fate for these two characters, as it vanishes off of the picture plane into the uncertainty of the future. Contradictory to most Urban Realist works, Chance meeting seems to present a rather idealized and innocent view of the era, yet aesthetically, it is a fairly realistic portrait of urban city life in Americas 1930s.

Snow Cone External Analysis free essay sample

External and Internal Environmental Analysis: Snow Cone Haven Nolan Williams Jr. STR/581 January 20, 2011 Bill Wider External and Internal Environmental Analysis: Snow Cone Haven Snow Cone Haven is here to keep you cool and relaxed throughout the day. Snow Cone Haven like all businesses must always be prepared for situations that impact operations. External and internal environmental factors significantly affect business operations and need to be addressed in some form or fashion. This paper will identify and analyze eternal environmental factors, internal strengths and weaknesses, and conclude with an assessment of Snow Cone Haven’s organizational resources and competitive position. Snow Cone Haven is a new organization in the shaved ice and smoothie industry. The operating environment can be broken out into three categories: remote environment, industry environment, and external operating environments. The remote environment does not affect the operating situation of any organization but economic, social, political, technological, and ecological factors that originate beyond the operating situation presents firms with opportunities, threats, and constraints. We will write a custom essay sample on Snow Cone External Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Economic trends in the proposed market areas are relatively stable. The level of disposable income has remained fairly stable and appear to have been unaffected by economic conditions based on spending over the holiday season. Snow Cone Haven should perform quite well from a social environmental factor because of the product being sold. Snow cones will appeal to all market segments, and will be a more healthy option then ice cream. The political environment affects the economic environment of businesses. It has been shown that elected officials may provide incentives or tax breaks to companies or impose regulations that restrict business transactions or locations. The International Research Centre (IDRC) states that businesses â€Å"need to understand the relationship between governmental strategy or development plans. Snow Cone Haven is 100% in agreement with this thought and plans to review plans on hand with the local government’s planning and development commission to ensure targeted franchise locations are not slated for redevelopment. Technological factors in the remote environment are the scientific advances, which influence the competitive position of the organization. Pearce and Robinson ( 2011) stated â€Å"to avoid obsolescence and promote innovation, a firm must be aware of technological changes that might influence its industry. Taking advantage or not taking advantage of technology has the potential to take Snow Cone Haven to the top of the industry or relegate Snow Cone Haven to the back of the industry. Investing in new technology can produce immediate rewards in the form of increased demand and reduced costs. The industry environment encompasses the conditions that can influence businesses that provide the same or similar services. Exhibit 4. 8 in the Strategic Management (92) book provides and excellent overview of the forces that affect the industry environment. Entry into the smoothie/ice cream industry requires a review of the determinants of entry and how they will affect Snow Cone Haven’s entry into this industry. Some entry barriers are product differences, capital requirements, and access to distribution. The impact of cost and supplier concentration can also have a significant affect on the industry-operating environment. Competition is fierce in the smoothie/ice cream industry according to a review of primary competitors TCBY and Smoothie King. QSR magazine released an article indicating that TCBY has reinvented itself to take advantage of market demands. QSR indicated that TCBY will have â€Å"new store designs with more of a new lounge feel† (QSR, 2011). This is a direct threat to Snow Cone Haven, as we will have to be on the same level to attract business away from TCBY. Smoothie King is also making major changes according to recent press releases. Smoothie King is taking advantage of the new health outlook by, â€Å"searching and delivering a product with balance in nutrition and healthy lifestyles. This decision is a substantial threat as this directly impacts our products. This will require more advertising dollars but overall Snow Cone Haven will produce a product far superior and have the capability to compete in the external industry environment. Snow Cone Haven will face many challenges as we approach opening day. The company is on the right track and ready to conduct an internal analysis to determine Snow Cone Haven’s strengths and weaknesses. The internal analysis will also include an assessment of organizational resources and how we stack up against competitors. The first step is understanding what our strengths are in comparison to competitors. Snow Cone Haven has no proven strengths but strong in relation to competitors. Snow Cone Haven has the advantage of offering many flavors and sizes, motivated managers and employees, relaxed atmosphere, and a superior product. Snow Cone Haven has the advantage of not having to pay a franchise fee. I conducted a review and found that Bruster’s Ice Cream has a $35,000 franchise fee. Bruster’s website stated, â€Å"our base cost of entry is approximately $350,000† (Bruster’s). This leads me to believe that Snow Cone Haven has picked the right solution for opening a new franchise. Weaknesses also exist with Snow Cone Haven. Snow Cone Haven is faced with uncertainty, as we have no history to determine success and validate franchise locations. We have to determine if we are attracting the correct population mix and that our product is well liked. The economy is another concern as the United States department of Commerce; Bureau of Economic Analysis recently reported that growth in the food services arena was only 0. 98% (Commerce) over the past two quarters. I believe this can be primarily attributed to the holiday season so it will require some monitoring. Organizational resources are an important aspect of business and require continual assessment. Snow Cone Haven has the intangible assets and organizational capabilities to be successful based on a review of staff members skill sets. Tangible assets are a concern as they are rather thin and Snow Cone Haven has not fully identified all of our needs. Snow Cone Haven like most organizations has to continuously access its competitive position and possibilities. The development of a competitive advantage is predicated on an effective strategic management process with an understanding of organizational resources and how they contribute to the formation of organizational strength. According to Duncan, Ginter, and Swayne, â€Å"organizations sustain a competitive advantage only so long as he services they deliver and the manner in which they deliver them have attributes that correspond to the key buying criteria of a substantial number of customers† (2008). As a new organization, Snow Cone Haven does not have a defined competitive advantage. I believe some of the potential advantages are the franchise locations and the quality management and support staff. The possibility for Snow Cone Haven to be at the forefront of its industry is endless. Snow Cone Haven’s tasty product and bubbly personalities will take us to the top of the industry. Snow Cone Haven will be the leader of the industry. Competitors cannot implement as effectively and do not have the unique skills and resources available to Snow Cone Haven. Erica Olsen stated, â€Å"your competitive advantage needs to be sustainable and endure the test of time to be great† (2011). Snow Cone Haven has the leadership to be effective and I believe this review of our external operating environment, internal strengths and weaknesses, and competitive position shows that we are ready to take all challengers head-on. References Duncan, W. J. , Ginter, D. , Swayne, L. E. (2008). Competitive advantage and internal organizational assessment. Academy of Management Executive. Volume 12, Number 3 Oches, S. (2011). It’s All About Relevancy in New TCBY Prototype. QSR Magazine. Retrieved January 17, 2011 from www. qsrmagazine. com/news Olsen, E. (2010). Sustaining your advantage over the competition. Retrieved from http://homebusiness. about. com/od/growing/a/comp_advantage. htm Pearce, J. A. , II, Robinson, R. B. (2011). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control (12th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Tanner, L. (2010). Bruster’s franchise information. Retrieved January 18, 2011 from www. brusters. com The International Research Centre. (2008). Key forces in the external environment. Retrieved January 16, 2011, from www. idrc. ca/en/ev-28364-201-1-DO_TOPIC. html United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2011). National Economic Accounts. Retrieved January 18, 2011 from www. bea. gov/national/nipaweb/nipa_underlying/SelectTable. asp#S0 Williams, B. (2010). Smoothie King Expansion Signals Trend Toward Healthy Living. Retrieved January 17, 2011, from www. smoothieking. com/press-releases/2010-07-24-new-product-line. php